The Scandal of Easter

The early Christian community spoke of the scandal of the particular–the God of the universe revealed in flesh and blood. They felt the strange, incongruous power of this idea. They felt too the awful strangeness of beholding the very image of God in a human being broken and beaten and hanging on a cross. The scandalous, revelatory power of the particular. It has a special claim on the Christian imagination. It shapes and refracts what we find significant, how we live, against what powers we struggle.[1]

–Douglas Burton-Christie

18Ā For the message of the cross is foolishnessĀ to those who are perishing,Ā but to us who are being savedĀ it is the power of God.Ā 19Ā For it is written:

ā€œI will destroy the wisdom of the wise;
the intelligence of the intelligent I will frustrate.ā€

20Ā Where is the wise person?Ā Where is the teacher of the law? Where is the philosopher of this age?Ā Has not God made foolishĀ the wisdom of the world?Ā 21Ā For since in the wisdom of God the worldĀ through its wisdom did not know him, God was pleased through the foolishness of what was preached to saveĀ those who believe.Ā 22Ā Jews demand signsĀ and Greeks look for wisdom,Ā 23Ā but we preach Christ crucified:Ā a stumbling blockĀ to Jews and foolishnessĀ to Gentiles,Ā 24Ā but to those whom God has called,Ā both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of GodĀ and the wisdom of God.Ā 25Ā For the foolishnessĀ of God is wiser than human wisdom, and the weaknessĀ of God is stronger than human strength.

–I Corinthians 1:18-25

The Christian is no stranger to strangeness; indeed, it might even be said that the Christian is no alien to the foolishness and weakness of the things of God in Christ. It is this theme, the scandal of particularity, the foolishness and weakness of the cross, the notion that the very God who upholds all of seen and unseen reality by the Word of His power, became flesh and dwelt among us; that He dwelt among us even as a mere man, obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. It only takes a matter of moments of meditation, spirated by the Holy Spirit, to become consumed by this tremendum mysterium et fascinans, the majesty and reality of the cosmic Christ; the notion that the eternally triune God freely and graciously became ensarkos. I think if most people, especially Christians, allowed this fact to become the very grist of their daily lives, that all there would be left to do is worship. How does this God of gods squeeze Himself into the flesh and blood of a particular human being, into a man from the squalors of the Galilee in Nazareth? It remains a miracle; for some to the point that it is the ultimate skandalon upon which they cannot get past; and instead, indeed, they inhabit a stumbled-existence all the days of their vain lives. God forbid it if this becomes the trajectory of the professing Christian.

Barth writes presciently on this particular scandal of Eastertide,

It is content simply to tell the story—this is how it was, this is how it happened. There is interpretation only in the lightest and sometimes rather alien strokes, of which we have to say much the same as we did of what we called the softenings occasionally found in the first part. The real commentary on this first part and the whole is, of course, the Easter story, which we can describe as the third and shortest part of the Gospel history. This tells us that God acknowledged this Jesus of Nazareth, the strange Judge who allowed Himself to be judged, by raising Him from the dead. It tells us of forty days in which this same One—whose history this was and had to be—was again in the midst of His disciples, differently, but still actually in time and space, talking with them, eating and drinking with them, beginning with them a new Gospel history, the time of His community, the time of the Gospel as the good news about the Judge who allowed Himself to be judged, the time of the proclamation of this event. He Himself was and is this event, the origin, the authority, the power, the object of the proclamation laid on the community. He Himself, He alone: He who was alone and superior and majestic in Galilee; He who was again alone but beaten and humiliated in Jerusalem, in the very midst of Israel. He, the Judge who allowed Himself to be judged, lives and rules and speaks and works. He is Himself the word which is to be proclaimed to all creatures as the Word of God. That is what the Easter narrative tells us. It gathers together the sum of all that has been told before. Or, rather, it tells us how the sum which God Himself had already gathered together in all that had gone before was revealed as such to the disciples—again by Jesus Himself. The Easter story is the Gospel story in its unity and completeness as the revealed story of redemption. The Easter story is the record of how it became what it was (in all its curious structure a history of redemption) for the disciples—not by their own discovery but by the act of God in the word and work of Jesus Himself. It tells us, therefore, that this history, Jesus Christ Himself as He exists in this history, is significant in and by itself. It tells us that all the significance which Jesus Christ as the subject and subject-matter of this history can acquire for individual men by means and as a result of proclamation (which has Him as its origin and object), has its basis and truth and practical and theoretical power in the fact that He is significant in and by Himself—even as He exists in this history. What is significant in itself has the power to become significant and will in fact become significant. But only that can become significant which is already significant, and in such a way that this being is the power of the corresponding becoming.[2]

Ī§ĻĪ¹ĻƒĻ„į½øĻ‚ į¼€Ī½Ī­ĻƒĻ„Ī· Christ is risen! He is risen!

[1] Douglas Burton-Christie, ā€œThe Scandal of the Particular,ā€ Spiritus: A Journal of Christian SpiritualityĀ 2.1 (2002) vii-viii.

[2] Karl Barth,Ā Church Dogmatics IV/1 §59 [227] The Doctrine of Reconciliation: Study EditionĀ (London: T&T Clark, 2010), 220–21.

” . . . the illusion of an abstract monotheism”

There is no God, but the One God; and we know this One God by the Son of God made flesh in the humanity of Jesus Christ. This One God is not known any other way. He is not known by the philosophers nor made known by the philosopher-theologians. He is only and ever centrally known as He has freely made Himself Self-known in the face of Jesus Christ by the Holy Spirit; indeed, He would have no face for us without the Holy Spirit. The genuinely Christian God is One (de Deo uno) in Three (de Deo trino), Three in One in eternal koinonia from His a se existence. It is by the humility of this God, as exemplified by the free obedience of the Son in the Father by the Holy Spirit, whereby this God becomes known. The theological Philistines have attempted to reason their way to this God, but only because they first became aware of this God by this God’s Self-revelation; even as inchoate in His mediated presence through the Hebrews. In other words, it was only ever because of this triune God’s gracious stooping to the sons of men that the notion of One God was contrived in the first place. And the mesmerizing thing about this God is that He has always already been vulnerable enough in His inner and triune life to make this impossible a possibility; that is, to be willing to be made known, even with the possibility of being mistaken for some type of mechanistic simple Monad of the brutish thinkers. Even so, this God has contradicted such triteness; even by Him becoming obedient to the point of death, even the death of the Roman cross. There is no space for the monadic on the scandalous cross; this God is altogether too complex to be imagined, even in the greatest of the philosophical imaginaries among us. This God, the triune and eternal God, who is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in perichoretic bondedness, has taken on human blood in His own humanity as the Son of Man, Jesus Christ.

Someone else gets at the aforementioned much more eloquently thusly:

As we look at Jesus Christ we cannot avoid the astounding conclusion of a divine obedience. Therefore we have to draw the no less astounding deduction that in equal Godhead the one God is, in fact, the One and also the Another, that He is indeed a First and a Second, One who rules and commands in majesty and One who obeys in humility. The one God is both the one and the other. And, we continue, he is the one and the other without any cleft or differentiation but in perfect unity and equality because in the same perfect unity and equality he is also a Third, the One who affirms the one and equal Godhead through and by and in the two modes of being, the One who makes possible and maintains His fellowship with Himself as the one and the other. In virtue of this third mode of being He is in the other two without division or contradiction, the whole God in each. But again in virtue of this third mode of being He is in neither for itself and apart from the other, but in each in its relationship to the other, and therefore, in fact, in the totality, the connexion, the interplay, the history of these relationships. And because all division and contradiction is excluded, there is also excluded any striving to identify the two modes of being, or any possibility of the one being absorbed by the other, or both in their common deity. God is God in these two modes of being which cannot be separated, which cannot be autonomous, but which cannot cease to be different. He is God in their concrete relationships the one to the other, in the history which takes place between them. He is God only in these relationships of its modes of being, which is neutral towards them. This neutral Godhead, this pure and empty Godhead, and its claim to be true divinity, is the illusion of an abstract ā€œmonotheismā€ which usually fools men most successfully at the high-water mark of the development of heathen religions and mythologies and philosophies. The true and living God is the One whose Godhead consists in this history, who is in these three modes of being the One God, the Eternal, the Almighty, the Holy, the Merciful, the One who loves in His freedom and is free in His love.[1]

Well said, Uncle; well said.

Please notice maybe an almost unnoticed profundity when Barth refers to the history that obtains between and in and among the fellowship of the triune persons. It is within this space, this Father-Son-by-the-Holy Spirit relationship wherein all of human history and being takes place; indeed, as the electing God, the elected Man, the eternal Logos, the Son of God, graciously and freely chose to become us that we, by that act and actualism of Grace, might become human before God. It is His history, within His own Self-predestined and inner-triune life, whereby the creation obtains; wherein the redemption, the recreation, the elevation of humanity occurs. Just as the Son, before the foundation of the world, is freely Logos incarnandus (ā€˜the Word to be incarnate’), it is within this freedom of God’s life by which the whole created order finds its determination. This, in the Eschaton, in the final and consummate reality actualized, and finally realized, is how it is that humanity becomes and is sustained as humanity simpliciter. That is by God’s freedom, by the obedience and humility intrinsic to the life of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, within the mysterium Trinitatis, by which anything, not least of which, humanity, exists at all; as worshippers and witnesses of their very life before God, by God, in God by the Spirit anointed humanity of the free God, the Son of Man, the Man from Nazareth, the Son in the bosom of the Father, Jesus Christ.

[1] Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics IV/1 §59 [203] The Doctrine of Reconciliation: Study Edition (London: T&T Clark, 2010), 196.

‘Very Man’

Not only is Jesus Very God, but he is also Very Man. This is the Nicene-Constantinopolitan-Chalcedonian settlement in regard to the hypostatic union of Jesus person’ being both fully God, at His very being, and fully human as the ground of His being the Man from Nazareth in the Galilee. This post is meant to dovetail with the other side of this union where we looked at the way that Barth treated the personhood of Jesus Christ as ā€˜Very God.’ But without Very God, the Son of God, becoming Very man, we would of all people be most to be pitied. This is the stuff of the Gospel itself.

If God did not freely elect to become human, as both the electing God and the elected man, then there would be no way into reconciliation with the inner and triune life of God. We could not become partakers and thus participants in the divine nature if God did not first become us in Christ. As any good Bible reader understands, fallen humanity left to its own devices only remains in a vicious circle of self-love; a life constrained by the love of self, and its base desires, rather than being constrained by the love of God in Christ and His holiness. It took God to invade our war torn and dead sub-humanity, and re-create it such that the fallen person can finally be elevated into the throne-room of God’s life as the Son ascends with us back to the glory He has always already eternally shared with the Father in the bond of the Holy Spirit. All of this to say: the ā€˜man’ (human) part of the Gospel is just as important as the God part, insofar that without God becoming us it would be absolutely impossible for us to pierce into His inner and triune life and be saved. So, the man part, funded by the God part, both hypostatically united in the singular person of Jesus Christ is in fact the Euaggelion (Gospel). And for this we should be full of gratitude and worship to our Father who is in heaven.

Barth writes:

This means primarily that it is a matter of the Godhead, the honour and glory and eternity and omnipotence and freedom, the being as Creator and Lord, of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ is Himself God as the Son of God the Father and with God the Father the source of the Holy Spirit, united in one essence with the Father by the Holy Spirit. That is how He is God. He is God as He takes part in the even which constitutes the divine being.

We must add at once that as this One who takes part in the divine being and event He became and is man. This means that we have to understand the very Godhead, that divine being and event and therefore Himself as the One who takes part in it, in the light of the fact that it pleased God—and this is what corresponds outwardly to and reveals the inward divine being and event—Himself to become man. In this way, in this condescension, He is the eternal Son of the eternal Father. This is the will of this Father, of this Son, and of the Holy Spirit who is the Spirit of the Father and the Son. This is how God is God, this is His freedom, this is His distinctness from the superiority to all other reality. It is with this meaning and purpose that He is the Creator and Lord of all things. It is as the eternal and almighty love, which He is actually and visibly in this action of condescension. This One, the One who loves in this way, is the true God. But this means that He is the One who as the Creator and Lord of all things is able and willing to make Himself equal with the creature, Himself to become a creature; the One whose eternity does not prevent but rather permits and commands Him to be in time and Himself to be temporal, whose omnipotence is so great that He can be weak and indeed impotent, as a man is weak and impotent. He is the One who in His freedom can and does in fact bind Himself, in the same way as we all are bound. And we must go further: He, the true God, is the One whose Godhead is demonstrated and plainly consists in essence in the fact that, seeing He is free in His love, He is capable of and wills this condescension for the very reason that in man of all His creatures He has to do with the one that has fallen away from Him, that has been unfaithful and hostile and antagonistic to Him. He is God in that He takes this creature to Himself, and that in such a way that He sets Himself alongside this creature, making His own penalty and loss and condemnation to nothingness. He is God in the fact that He can give Himself up and does give Himself up not merely to the creaturely limitation but to the suffering of the human creature, becoming one of these men, Himself bearing the judgment under which they stand, willing to die and, in fact, dying the death which they have deserved. That is the nature and essence of the true God as He has intervened actively and manifestly in Jesus Christ. When we speak of Jesus Christ we mean the true God—He who seeks His divine glory and finds that glory, He whose glory obviously consists, in the fact that because he is free in His love He can be and actually is lowly as well as exalted; He, the Lord, who is for us a servant, the servant of all servants. It is in the light of the fact of His humiliation that on this first aspect all the predicates of His Godhead, which is the true Godhead, must be filled out and interpreted. Their positive meaning is lit up only by this determination and limitation, only by the fact that in this act He is this God and therefore the true God, distinguished from all false gods by the fact that they are not capable of this act, that they have not in fact accomplished it, that their supposed glory and honour and eternity and omnipotence not only do not include but exclude their self-humiliation. False gods are all reflections of a false and all too human self-exaltation. They are all lords who cannot and will not be servants, who are therefore no true lords, whose being is not a truly divine being.

The second christological aspect is that in Jesus Christ we have to do with a true man. The reconciliation of the world with God takes place in the person of a man in whom, because He is also true God, the conversion of all men to God is an actual event. It is the person of a true man, like all other men in every respect, subjected without exception to all the limitations of the human situation. The conditions in which other men exist and their suffering are also His conditions and His suffering. That he is very God does not mean that He is partly God and only partly man. He is altogether man just as He is altogether God—altogether man in virtue of His true Godhead whose glory consists in His humiliation. That is how He is the reconciler between God and man. That is how God accomplishes in Him the conversion of men to Himself. . ..[1]

Very meaty stuff!

Without getting too distracted let me lift up one aspect of this, particularly as found in the second paragraph above. Some critics might latch onto the fact that Barth writes, ā€œ. . . the conversion of all men to God is an actual event.ā€ They might claim that this makes Barth a dogmatic universalist (or maybe some Christian universalists might want to take this in the positive from Barth). But that would be to miss Barth’s theology. Barth has just got done communicating that ā€˜the man’ Jesus Christ is the conversion of God for all of humanity in actuality. Even so, whilst this christological objectivism is rightly present in Barth, this should not lead the reader to imagine that Barth is operating from some type of Aristotelian theory of causation; to the contrary. Barth’s primary focus is on the primacy of Christ’s archetypal humanity as the humanity ā€˜converted’ to God. And within this, it can be (and should be) explicated that for Barth’s theology this entails all of humanity after Christ’s. So, there is a universalist aspect to the incarnation and its implications for Barth, just as there is for the Apostle Paul. But it would be wrong and foreign (to Barth’s total theology) to conclude that this necessarily leads to all of humanity subjectively bowing the knee to Christ as their Savior. This freedom in Christ for God has now been recreated in God’s freedom for us in Jesus Christ. But it is still required that by the power of the Holy Spirit a person says ā€˜Yes’ to God, from God’s ā€˜Yes and amen’ for them in Christ, in order to become full participants in the actual humanity of the Godman, Jesus Christ. In other words, the way of salvation has been ordained for all of humanity in and from Christ’s humanity. But the lost person must still recognize this reality and finally acknowledge (repent in Christ’s repentance for them) that without them echoing Christ’s yes and amen for them that they will be left out on the shadow-side of God’s lefthand of final judgment. Which in the end remains as mysterious as the first fall of humanity in Adam and Eve’s rebellion to God’s Word.

[1] Karl Barth,Ā Church Dogmatics IV/1 §58 [130–31] The Doctrine of Reconciliation: Study EditionĀ (London: T&T Clark, 2010), 125–26.

‘Very God’

Karl Barth develops what he calls, The Three Forms of the Doctrine of Reconciliation, in Church Dogmatics IV/1 §58. The first form is with reference to the ground of Christ’s person; i.e., the second person of the Trinity, the eternal Logos, the Son of God. As many of the early church fathers understood without the ground of Jesus’ person being the triune God in the eternal Logos, there could be no salvation for the weary wayfarers of a fallen humanity. Justification before and with God required that the ā€œbridgeā€ between the Holy God and the fallen humanity be God Himself; for He alone could bear the wages of sin in His own assumed humanity in the flesh and blood of the man from Nazareth, Jesus Christ. If Christ was not God’s pleroma (fullness) for us all he would haveĀ  been was some type of exemplar to ostensibly show a way to God; a way of works-righteousness, with the hope that fallen humanity, like the Christ consciousness, could elevate itself to God’s throne room based on their own merits; albeit, infused with an abstract power (or created grace) provided for by God—of the type that Jesus as the exemplar modeled for us in his own humanity. This might be one expression of attempting to develop a soteriology outwith Jesus being fully God. Genuine Christian salvation required that God reach down to us, become us, and then ascend with us in the garb of his full humanity whereby we might be participants in the triune holiness forevermore; indeed, as the Son has always already constituted that in His inner life with the Father by the Holy Spirit.

Barth writes:

The first is that in Jesus Christ we have to do with very God. The reconciliation of man with God takes place as God Himself actively intervenes, Himself taking in hand His cause with and against and for man, the cause of the covenant, and in such a way (this is what distinguishes the even of reconciliation from the general sway of providence and universal rule of God) that He Himself becomes man. God became man. That is what is, i.e., what has taken place, in Jesus Christ. He is very God acting for us men, God Himself become man. He is the authentic Revealer of God as Himself God. Again, He is the effective proof of the power of God as Himself God. Yet again. He is the fulfiller of the covenant as Himself God. He is nothing less or other than God Himself, but God as man. When we say God we say honour and glory and eternity and power, in short, a regnant freedom as it is proper to Him who is distinct from and superior to everything else that is. When we say God we say the Creator and Lord of all things. And we can say all that without reservation or diminution of Jesus Christ—but in a way in which it can be said in relation to Him, i.e., in which it corresponds to the Godhead of God active and revealed in Him. No general idea of ā€œGodheadā€ developed abstractly from such concepts must be allowed to intrude at this point. How the freedom of God is constituted, in what character He is the Creator and Lord of all things, distinct from and superior to them, in short, what is to be understood by ā€œGodhead,ā€ is something which—watchful against all imported ideas, ready to correct them and perhaps to let them be reversed and renewed in the most astonishing way—we must always learn from Jesus Christ. He defines those concepts: they do not define Him. When we start with the fact that He is very God we are forced to keep strictly to Him in relation to what we mean by true ā€œGodhead.ā€[1]

Significantly, for Barth, it is because Jesus is truly God, that He can genuinely reveal God to humanity; indeed, to the very humanity He assumes in the womb of Mary. This is the only way, as Barth rightly presses, that salvation might actually obtain for a fallen humanity. That is, for God to be brought into humanity, in Christ, and for humanity to be brought into God, by the grace of Christ’s life for us.

In synopsis: The above passage from Barth could be taken as the guiding premise of his whole theological offering. Without salvation, without reconciliation being fully God and fully man, in the hu[man]ity of Jesus Christ, for Barth, and more importantly, for Holy Scripture, there is no eternal life to be had; there is no salvation to be enjoyed; and there is no vision of God to be experienced. This is the all or nothing reality that fortifies not just Barth’s Gospel, but the Gospel of Christ itself as revealed by Himself in the Father by the Holy Spirit.

[1] Karl Barth,Ā Church Dogmatics IV/1 §58 [129] The Doctrine of Reconciliation: Study EditionĀ (London: T&T Clark, 2010), 124–25.

The Instrumentalization of the Christ//God’s Being Predicated

I have left some context out of the following, but based on what you have read from me thus far (on the blog in general and over the years etc.), how would you translate my rather technical phraseology? Maybe you don’t think it makes sense. If so, where does it fail in regard to its theological premises and mutually implicating ideas? (I wrote this as a quick off the top thought on X and Facebook)

What folks don’t realize it seems, even at higher levels, is that when considering the decretal system and God, when it comes to the incarnation, Christ is understood in purely instrumentalist terms; thus making Him the organon of salvation, but not the person (the Theanthropos) of salvation. In other words, the person of Christ (who is the eternal Logos) is so wrested from the work of Christ, in the decretal schemata, that the Christ merely becomes a token and conduit of God’s work; thus, making God a predicate of creation (if in fact the attempt is made to still see Jesus’ person as eternally Divine).

Grace as God’s Person[s]: Being in Becoming

An email question from a reader of the blog:

š‘‚š‘›š‘’ š‘”ā„Žš‘–š‘›š‘” š¼ š‘Žš‘š š‘”š‘Ÿš‘¦š‘–š‘›š‘” š‘”š‘œ š‘šš‘Žš‘˜š‘’ š‘ š‘’š‘›š‘ š‘’ š‘œš‘¢š‘” š‘œš‘“ š‘–š‘  š‘”ā„Žš‘’ šµš‘Žš‘Ÿš‘”ā„Žš‘–š‘Žš‘› š‘–š‘‘š‘’š‘Ž š‘”ā„Žš‘Žš‘” š½š‘’š‘ š‘¢š‘  š¶ā„Žš‘Ÿš‘–š‘ š‘” š‘–š‘  “š‘”š‘Ÿš‘Žš‘š‘’” š‘’š‘šš‘š‘œš‘‘š‘–š‘’š‘‘. š¼ š‘Ÿš‘’š‘Žš‘‘ š‘¦š‘œš‘¢š‘Ÿ š‘š‘œš‘ š‘”š‘  š‘Žš‘š‘œš‘¢š‘” š‘–š‘”. š‘†š‘œ š‘›š‘œ š‘š‘Ÿš‘’š‘£š‘’š‘›š‘–š‘’š‘›š‘” š‘”š‘Ÿš‘Žš‘š‘’ š‘Žš‘›š‘‘ š‘›š‘œ š‘–š‘Ÿš‘Ÿš‘’š‘ š‘–š‘ š‘”š‘–š‘š‘™š‘’ š‘”š‘Ÿš‘Žš‘š‘’. š‘Šš‘’ ā„Žš‘Žš‘£š‘’ š½š‘’š‘ š‘¢š‘  š‘¤ā„Žš‘œ š‘–š‘  šŗš‘œš‘‘’š‘  š‘”š‘Ÿš‘Žš‘š‘’. š¼š‘  š‘”ā„Žš‘Žš‘” š‘Ÿš‘–š‘”ā„Žš‘”? š‘Šā„Žš‘’š‘› š‘”ā„Žš‘’ šµš‘–š‘š‘™š‘’ š‘ š‘Žš‘¦š‘ , “š‘š‘¦ šŗš‘Ÿš‘Žš‘š‘’ š‘¦š‘œš‘¢ ā„Žš‘Žš‘£š‘’ š‘š‘’š‘’š‘› š‘ š‘Žš‘£š‘’š‘‘…” š¼š‘  š‘ƒš‘Žš‘¢š‘™ š‘—š‘¢š‘ š‘” š‘Ÿš‘’š‘š‘™š‘Žš‘š‘–š‘›š‘” š½š‘’š‘ š‘¢š‘  š‘¤š‘–š‘”ā„Ž š‘”ā„Žš‘’ š‘¤š‘œš‘Ÿš‘‘ š‘”š‘Ÿš‘Žš‘š‘’? š¶š‘Žš‘› š‘¦š‘œš‘¢ š‘š‘™š‘’š‘Žš‘ š‘’ ā„Žš‘’š‘™š‘ š‘šš‘’ š‘¢š‘›š‘‘š‘’š‘Ÿš‘ š‘”š‘Žš‘›š‘‘ š‘”ā„Žš‘–š‘ ?

My brief response:

š’šØ, šššš«š­š” (ššš§š šØš­š”šžš«š¬, š‰š®Ģˆš§š šžš„, š“š… š“šØš«š«ššš§šœšž), šŸšØš„š„šØš°š¬ šš š­š”šžšØš„šØš š¢šœššš„ šššœš­š®ššš„š¢š¬š¦, š°š”š¢šœš” šžš§š­ššš¢š„š¬ šš “š›šžš¢š§š  š¢š§ š›šžšœšØš¦š¢š§š .” š“š”š¢š¬ š¦šžššš§š¬ š­š”ššš­ š©š”š¢š„šØš¬šØš©š”š¢šœššš„ šœšØš§šœšžš©š­š¬ š­š”ššš­ š°šž š¬šØ šØšŸš­šžš§ š®š¬šž š­šØ š¢š§š­šžš„š„šžšœš­š®ššš„š¢š³šž š¬šØš¦šžš­š”š¢š§š  š„š¢š¤šž š†šØš’š¬ š š«šššœšž šØš« š¦šžš«šœš² š¬šØ šØš§ ššš§š š¬šØ šŸšØš«š­š”, š¢š§ šššš«š­š”’š¬ šžš²šžš¬ (ššš§š šˆ š­š”š¢š§š¤ š›š¢š›š„š¢šœššš„š„š²), ššš«šž šŸššš„š¬šžš„š² ššš›š¬š­š«šššœš­šžš ššš°ššš² šŸš«šØš¦ š†šØš’š¬ š©šžš«š¬šØš§ ššš§š š­š”šØš®š š”š­ šØšŸ š¢š§ š­šžš«š¦š¬ šØšŸ š©š”š¢š„šØš¬šØš©š”š¢šœššš„/š¦šžš­ššš©š”š²š¬š¢šœššš„ šŖš®ššš„š¢š­š¢šžš¬; š¢š§ššžšžš, š­š”ššš­ š­š”šžš§ š”šššÆšž š§šØš­š”š¢š§š  š§šžšœšžš¬š¬ššš«š¢š„š² š­šØ ššØ š°š¢š­š” š†šØš’š¬ š©šžš«š¬šØš§. š€š§š š¬šØ šššš«š­š”’š¬ ššš„š­šžš«š§ššš­š¢šÆšž š¢š¬ š­šØ š®š§ššžš«š¬š­ššš§š š«šžššš„š¢š­š¢šžš¬ š„š¢š¤šž šƒš¢šÆš¢š§šž š š«šššœšž šœšØš¦š¢š§š  šŸš«šØš¦ š°š¢š­š”š¢š§ š­š”šž šÆšžš«š² š”šžššš«š­ ššš§š š­š”š®š¬ šÆšžš«š² š©šžš«š¬šØš§[š¬] šØšŸ š†šØš’š¬ š­š«š¢š®š§šž š„š¢šŸšž. š“š”š®š¬, š­š”šž šššœš­ šØšŸ š†šØš š›šžšœšØš¦š¢š§š  š”š®š¦ššš§/š¦ššš§ š¢š§ š‚š”š«š¢š¬š­ šžš§š­ššš¢š„š¬ š­š”ššš­ š­š”šž š©šžš«š¬šØš§ šØšŸ š†šØš š¢š§ š‚š”š«š¢š¬š­ š¢š¬ š¢š§ šŸšššœš­ š­š”šž š†š«šššœšž šØšŸ š†šØš š¢š§ šššœš­š¢šØš§. šˆš§ š­š”š¢š¬ š°ššš², š†š«šššœšž š¢š¬ š§šžšœšžš¬š¬ššš«š¢š„š² š®š§ššžš«š¬š­šØšØš ššš¬ šš š©š«šžšš¢šœššš­šž šØšŸ š†šØš’š¬ šššœš­ ššš§š š©šžš«š¬šØš§ š«ššš­š”šžš« š­š”ššš§ ššš§ ššš›š¬š­š«šššœš­ š©š”š¢š„šØš¬šØš©š”š¢šœššš„ šŖš®ššš„š¢š­š², šØš« “š­š”š¢š§š ,” š­š”ššš­ š”ššš¬ š§šØ š§šžšœšžš¬š¬ššš«š² ššš­š­šššœš”š¦šžš§š­ š­šØ š†šØš’š¬ š©šžš«š¬šØš§ šŸšØš« š­š”šž š°šØš«š„š š¢š§ š‰šžš¬š®š¬ š‚š”š«š¢š¬š­. š–š”šžš§ ššš©š©š„š²š¢š§š  š­š”š¢š¬ š­šØ šŖš®šžš¬š­š¢šØš§š¬ š„š¢š¤šž š©š«šžšÆšžš§š¢šžš§š­ š š«šššœšž šØš« š¢š«š«šžš¬š¢š¬š­š¢š›š„šž š š«šššœšž, š¢š­ š¬šØš¦šžš°š”ššš­ šžš„š¢ššžš¬ šØš« š¬š¢ššž-š¬š­šžš©š¬ š­š”šžš¬šž šœššš­šžš šØš«š¢šžš¬, ššš ššš¢š§, ššš¬ š­šØšØ š©š”š¢š„šØš¬šØš©š”š¢šœššš„š„š² šœšØš§š­š«š¢šÆšžš, ššš§š š¢š§š¬š­šžššš š­š”š¢š§š¤š¬ šØšŸ š†š«šššœšž šžš­šœ. š¢š§ š­šžš«š¦š¬ šØšŸ š†šØš’š¬ š©šžš«š¬šØš§ššš„ šššœš­š¢šØš§ ššØš§šž šŸšØš« š®š¬ š¢š§ šØš®š« š¬š­šžššš š¢š§ š­š”šž š©šžš«š¬šØš§ ššš§š šÆš¢šœššš«š¢šØš®š¬ š°šØš«š¤ šØšŸ š‰šžš¬š®š¬ š‚š”š«š¢š¬š­. šƒšØšžš¬ š­š”ššš­ š¦ššš¤šž š¬šžš§š¬šž? š“š”š¢š¬ š¢š¬ šš š¤š¢š§š šØšŸ šœšØš¦š©š„šžš± š­š”š¢š§š  š­šØ š°š«ššš© š­š”šž š”šžššš ššš«šØš®š§š ššš­ šŸš¢š«š¬š­ šžš±š©šØš¬š®š«šž.

Spitballing on God’s Sovereignty and Contingent Freedom

How does God’s sovereignty work, in a God-world relation? First, to speak of God’s sovereignty can never be done so in abstraction from God’s cruciform life for the world in Jesus Christ. It is from within this unio mystica (ā€˜mystical union’) of God and humanity, in the particularity of the man from Nazareth, Jesus Christ, wherein God’s actions, where His power, His sovereignty and everything else must be thought. When we ponder the end for which God humiliated Himself in the Son for the world, we recognize that this ponderance goes back even before the foundations of the world; indeed, the Lamb being slain even before the foundations of the world. So, it is as we think back from the analogy of the incarnation of God, that we might arrive upon an answer to how God’s cruciformed, Son-faced sovereignty comes to penetrate and engage this world; particularly within its fallen status. We know that God’s sovereignty is first and foremost grounded in His Divine Freedom, within His inner life of triune life, wherein He has the Self-capacity to choose what His act will be for the world which He has created; indeed, created from the seed of the women, in the man from Nazareth. As we attempt to reason from within this inner theological reality of God’s life, indeed, as we have arrived upon this primordial point of liminal access, through first encountering this God in the economy of His life for the world in the face of His Son, Jesus Christ, we come to realize that all things, as Self-determined from within the fellowshipping life of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, are free and open for God to act as He will. Not from an abstraction, but from the concretion of His eternally triune life. It is here that God’s a-se life Has the freedom to determine an elected contingency, first for Himself, as the Son, God’s image, freely elects to be human, which entails within that space of chosen contingency, within His to-be assumed humanity, wherein human freedom comes to find its starting point. Not as a non-contingent freedom, as the ground of His freedom is sourced by, as the eternal Logos, but as a corresponding contingent freedom with His freedom; one that is finally given agency within even His own assumed humanity for us by the Holy Spirit. So, again, things come back to this Theanthropic mystery wherein God and humanity kiss, unite, in the hypostatic union of God and humanity in the singular person of Jesus Christ.

So, God’s sovereignty works, in such a way, that humanity, and then the rest of the created order (cf. Rom 8.18ff), invades the contingent world order, which He first created, and then re-created in the resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ, in and through the vicarious humanity of Jesus Christ. It is as His non-contingent Logos life interfaces with the human contingent life that the miracle of God’s sovereignty comes to shape the world; both the world now, and not yet. It is within this mediating space as that inheres within the conversating person of the humanity of God in Christ, and Godself. The fact that non-contingency and contingency can communicate, and interface one with the other, whilst the non-contingency of God’s triune life circumscribes the whole event of the contingent, is indeed, the fact of God’s sovereignty in action for the world. Contingency finds its freedom to act only as an asymmetrical correspondence with God’s act within His own humanity for the world. So, ultimately, God’s freedom, as the ground of human freedom, as that is mediated for the world in the archetypal humanity of Jesus Christ, yeasts in such a way that God’s purposes, within the cruciform of His life, are made manifest as humanity in union with Him, through His union with humanity in Christ can be accomplished without violating, indeed quite to the contrary, the contingent events of created and recreated history. His will is done first and foremost because He is the One who is free within Himself. And it is within this freedom in His eternal life of love wherein He has come to sovereignly Self-determine to not be God without us, but with us for all eternity; indeed, in the face of Jesus Christ. It is within the economy of this determinate choice to be for, with and in us, wherein the contingent order comes to serve His purposes, whilst the contingent humanity finds their respective freedom with His.

But then of course there is always the ā€œunelectedā€ and inscrutable reality of sin and evil in the world. This complicates things. Not as far as thwarting God’s sovereignty (as we have already defined that), but by introducing a perversion into the mix of human freedom that attempts to gain a life of its own, whilst parasiting on the real freedom God has determined for humanity in His Free Grace choice to be not-God without us; that is, not without humanity and the created order He has made humanity, His humanity in us, and ours in His, stewards over. And yet, even in the facet of sin and evil God’s cruciform humanity perdures, it yeasts in such a way that it finally gives birth to a babe, wrapped in swaddling cloths, born in a manager in Bethlehem. It is here where, when finally eventuated in the ascension, that humanity comes to have the capacity to make genuinely free choices that are in keeping with God’s sovereignly Self-determined plan and purpose for the world; indeed, as that purpose and plan has always already found its fund and orientation by its reality and elevation in the supra planned incarnation of God in Jesus Christ. And yet, there remains a battle between the old first Adam world, and the now greater and new second Adam world. Even so, God’s plan has been pervasive throughout both epochs of the first and second Adams. That is, because God first elected all of the sundry events of created history to unfold in the reality of the Deus incarnandus (God to be incarnate). This has always already been the inner reality, the beating im-pulse of the created order; i.e., God’s choice to become Creator, even as He was first Father of the Son by the Holy Spirit.

Really, all I’m saying is that the relationship between God’s sovereignty and humanity in the created order, turns out to be rather miraculous. And there remains many holes in what I have been torturously attempting to articulate. But you gotta start somewhere. And I had the urge to just sit down and spitball.

The Elect of God: Jesus, the Torah-Keeper

Interesting, as Jesus becomes human for us, and fully obeys and keeps the Torah (Law) for us, at the same time, because He is for us, He dies as if He hadn’t kept the Law for us, cursed, hung on a tree. And yet because He remained perfectly complete to the Law for us, all the way to suffering the consequences of no-Law-keeping, He is understood as simultaneously both the reprobate and elect of God for us in His consubstantial nature as fully God and fully Man for the world. There is a double election—an election for our reprobation and His elect status for us as the Holy One (for the many) of Israel, wherein through His participation with us, and thus ours with Him, we might experience both His death which is indeed for us (which should have been our death alone), and His resurrected, elevated and ascended life for us, as He has taken us in His Torah obedience—all the way down and up—to the Right Hand of the Throne of the Father. Through His vicarious humanity He has graciously given us not just the letter of the Torah, but the spirit of the Torah, which has always already pointed beyond itself to its reality in Jesus Christ.

No Human Freedom Outwith Participatio Christi: On an Order of Being to Evangelicum

Karl Barth being rightfully critical of a reformed Federal or Covenantal theology. Here we see what it looks like to think from a noncompetitive relationship between God and humanity; and to simply think humanity from God’s life for us. It is God who is genuinely free in His inner and eternal life, and not us (ā€˜Not unto us, not unto us, but to God be the glory’ Ps 115). It is God’s being in becoming for us, wherein the ā€œusā€ comes to have the type of creaturely, and thus contingent independence (as TFT would say it) vis-Ć -vis God that the creature has. That is to say, it isn’t us, apart from Him, or prior to Him, that grounds a relationship, a knowledge of Him; indeed, quite the contrary! God in Christ is the condition for all that is, and ever will be. The primacy of Christ (see Col 1.15ff), the ā€œpantocrator-nessā€ of the living God is indeed that. As such, as we abide as humans, in the Branch of God’s life for us, it is here where we come to move and breathe and have our being; since this is the only place where human being obtains in and through the free humanity of God in Jesus Christ.

. . . If we hold fast to God’s decree of grace in Jesus Christ, and to His activity of grace in the history of the covenant, we can never dream of setting the creature over against God as a kind of second party to the contract, knowing as we do that the creature has no freedom but that which is grounded on the unconditioned and irresistible freedom and supremacy of God, having no power to concur but only to corroborate and understand and glorify. If we take absolutely seriously the meaning and character of the divine lordship, we are in a position to take with equal seriousness recognition of it as such.[1]

[1] Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics III/3 §49 [119] The Doctrine of Creation: Study Edition (London: T&T Clark, 2010), 121.