Here is a brief summary of how Thomas F. Torrance understood the continuing place of the nation of Israel within the economy of God’s redemptive-history for the nations. This summary is provided by Torrance’s nephew, Robert Walker; and it is a brief summary of how Torrance read Romans 9–11:

Rom. 11.11-12, cf. vv. 15, 25-26 — the continuing centrality of the Jews for Torrance (the church does not replace Israel but is grafted into its root) is fundamental to his theology and in his lectures he used to point to Paul’s argument that if the sin of Israel means salvation and ‘riches for the Gentiles’ (11.11-12) and ‘if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance mean but life from the dead?’ (11.15), or as Torrance used to paraphrase it, ‘if Israel’s rejection means the reconciliation of the world, their acceptance would be an event so momentous that it means the resurrection of the dead?’ [Robert T. Walker in Thomas F. Torrance, Atonement, 348 fn. 41]

Torrance, by the way, was amillennialist. I think, especially in my sub-culture, it is instructive for those dispensationalists who claim that all amillennialists follow what they call ‘replacement theology’; meaning that amillennialists believe that the nation of Israel, and all the promises made to her, were “replaced” by the Church. Obviously this is not the case for all amillennialists, TF Torrance being an exemplar of this, and thus it would serve popular dispensationalists well to take this correction.

If you are interested in understanding further about T. F. Torrance’s understanding of how the nation of Israel, in salvation history, continues to serve as the medium of the Messiah for the nations (for the Church); then read his book: The Mediation of Christ.